Top Jobs at Sanlam Group

What will you do?

• The successful candidate will be responsible for taking a leading role in providing pricing support of retail and group products for businesses within SanlamAllianz Life.
• The role covers pricing for both affluent and entry level / mass market products and includes the full spectrum of risk, retirement, savings and investment products.
• Projects will range from revamping existing products - through repricing or adding new features - to developing new products that are often first in the market. 

Responsibilities of the role include: 

• Pricing – Determining appropriate pricing basis and performing the pricing calculations using Prophet and Excel. 
• Influence strategy – identifying the unique risks and opportunities for each product and through pricing insights enabling SanlamAllianz businesses to drive specific distribution, marketing and risk management strategies 
• Documentation – Writing pricing reports that clearly document the pricing process, assumptions and results.   
• Drive pricing approvals – Engaging a wide range of stakeholders, including the Head of Actuarial function, to ensure an efficient approval process.      
• Model handover - Supporting the actuarial valuations and Prophet model development teams with the model implementation of new products.  
• Process Improvement – Developing pricing and review tools to enhance the efficiency of the SanlamAllianz Product Support team and promote best practices in product development. 
• This role involves close collaboration with Product Development Managers as well as active engagement with senior management from the businesses, valuation teams, SanlamAllianz Modelling team and SanlamAllianz Head of Actuarial Function to ensure that stakeholder requirements are considered and appropriately addressed.

What will make you successful in this role?

Success in this role will be measured by the candidate’s ability to:

• Collaborate effectively with a wide range of stakeholders to develop optimal pricing solutions 
• Solve complex problems encountered during the pricing process 
• Demonstrate a willingness to learn 
• Show curiosity in investigating unique elements of each product 
• Prioritise deliverables under pressure and manage stakeholder expectations to ensure SanlamAllianz’s strategic product objectives are met.

Qualification and Experience

• Qualified or nearly qualified actuary (maximum 2 exams outstanding)

Knowledge and Skills

• Experience in product development and/or pricing (preferable)  
• Proficiency in Prophet is essential  
• Ability to plan, prioritise and align work to meet organisational goals 
• Problem solving skills
• Technical pricing skills

Personal Attributes

• Strong analytical and conceptual thinking 
• Ability to manage complexity and find simple solutions to complex problems
• Ability to work independently, take initiative and meet deadlines
• Good verbal and written communication skills to manage relationships with business stakeholders

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Role Description

• Guided by Architecture and a Technical Team Lead you will be responsible for establishing new technology components and reusable solution patterns that can be leveraged by business facing development teams in their day-to-day solutions. You will constantly be developing and setting new principles, standards, processes, procedures and guidelines for the wider BI community.
• You should be able to communicate technical information to technical teams, as well as be competent in communicating challenges and solutions to project and operational leadership. An understanding of data management solutions and a keen sense of the strategic value of information to an organisation will be of importance.
• You will also be responsible for developing data warehousing blueprints, evaluating hardware and software platforms and integrating systems; translating business needs into long-term architecture solutions.

What will you do?

Data Engineer Role points to include:

• Working with other data engineers and data modelers, you will design, implement, and manage ETL programmes, data transformations and data pipelines that realise source to target mappings.
• Monitor and fine-tune data pipelines and data transformations using SQL, Spark, Cloudera Hadoop stack etc.
• Monitor and fine-tune data vaults, data transformations on the Cloudera Hadoop stack
• Involvement with system access to the data warehouse to ensure data security and integrity
• Monitor and support the operational processes and propose optimising solutions

What will make you successful in this role?

Qualifications:

• Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Statistics, Informatics, Information Systems, Engineering or another quantitative field / National Diploma in an Information Technology related discipline preferred

Experience and skills:

• 3- 5 years related experience
• Application and data engineering background with a solid background in SQL is required
• Experience in an operational support role and a passion for improving / optimising processes
• Data architecture design and delivery experience preferred
• Experience in three (3) or more of the following areas is required:
• Database technologies (e.g. SAP Hana, Big Data or similar) and database development (Views, Functions and Stored Procedure development)
• Hadoop components including HDFS, Hive, Spark, Oozie and Impala
• ETL tools
• Data warehousing (Kimball and Data Vault patterns are preferred) and dimensional data modelling

go to method of application »

What will you do?

• This is an administrative support position that reports directly to an Operations Manager in the region. The SSA role is there to render sales support and administration to Sanlam intermediaries and regional sales management. 
• Provide sales and administration support to intermediaries, including quotations 
• Assist the intermediaries with the relevant product information 
• Process and monitor new business submitted  
• Monitor and report on relevant sales information to intermediaries/management 
• Support initiatives to increase the take up of technology with intermediaries
• Providing limited after sales service 

What will make you successful in this role?

Qualification/s and Experience:

• Grade 12 or equivalent qualification 
• A relevant tertiary qualification would be advantageous 

Knowledge and Skills:  

• A minimum of 2 years relevant administrative experience within the financial services industry is preferred 
• Prior experience within a Broker or Advisor Services environment is preferred 
• Insurance product experience and knowledge of relevant quotation processes and systems is preferred 

Personal Qualities:

• Cultivates Innovation 
• Client Centricity  
• Drives Results 
• Collaborates 
• Flexibility and Adaptability 
• Plans and Aligns 
• Communicates Effectively 
• Action Oriented 
• Optimizes Work Processes 

The closing date for applications is 29 October 2025.

go to method of application »

What will you do?

To promote Sanlam Retail Mass (SRM)’s products and increase market share through:

• Providing sound financial advice and a high level of client service in a Branch context.
• Creating opportunities for client optimisation and cross selling of value-added products

What will make you successful in this role?

Sales Delivery:

• Gain and maintain an in-depth understanding of SRM product ranges.
• Gain an understanding of the customer’s needs, financial goals and means, and provide the right product (or selection of products) that will satisfy the goals of the customer in the best and most affordable way possible.
• Continuously update and inform customers of new products, or changes in existing products. Manage, review, and incorporate the implications of product changes on the customer’s portfolio accordingly.
• Validate client details in line with product and regulatory requirements. Submit new business through the right channels.
• Conduct due diligence on clients to identify and flag risks.
• Manage own capacity to ensure daily appointments are being prioritised while allowing time for and capitalising on walk-in / non-appointment clients.

In-branch Client Service and Client Retention:

• Responsible for servicing and managing all client profiles to ensure clients remain on the books.
• Send payment reminders, conduct follow-ups, and remain in contact to address potential queries or to provide support.
• Manage and report on NTUs (clients Not Taken Up) by putting controls in place, and taking corrective actions where required.
• Manage persistency of client payments in favour of both the branch and the client.
• Gain insight into client risk profiles to proactively identify where support will be required.
• Consult with clients on alternative payment arrangements and ensure it gets processed through and noted on the right platforms.
• Responsible for in-branch servicing in line with client experience standards:
• Apply product knowledge to accurately guide clients through policy cancellations and provide alternative options.
• Resolve various types of client queries in the branch as far as possible or escalate queries to the right stakeholders by using the existing escalation framework. Follow up on the status and continuously provide feedback to the client.

Quality, Compliance and Continuous Development:

• Remain up to date with and continuously adhere to compliance and quality standards.
• Keep up to date with own registration, product knowledge and maintenance of own CPD points.
• Identify risks and flag potentially fraudulent activities.
• Keep and store relevant records of advice.
• Log all activities as per regulations and standard operating procedures, and provide data to relevant stakeholders to inform reporting and decision making

Monthly Planning and Reporting:

• Responsible for reporting on activities daily, through using relevant technology platforms.
• Collate data on activities to deliver on weekly and monthly reporting deadlines.
• Perform any ad-hoc requirements as requested by the Retail Branch Manager

Qualification and Experience:

• 1-year experience in a sales or marketing capacity
• Experience within insurance branches an advantage
• Matric (Grade 12)
• RE5 advantageous
• FAIS Compliant (Wealth Management) as per DOFA requirements.
• Class of Business training (to be completed within 12-months of employment

go to method of application »

What will you do?

To promote Sanlam Retail Mass (SRM)’s products and increase market share through:

• Providing sound financial advice and a high level of client service in a Branch context.
• Creating opportunities for client optimisation and cross selling of value-added products

What will make you successful in this role?

Sales Delivery:

• Gain and maintain an in-depth understanding of SRM product ranges.
• Gain an understanding of the customer’s needs, financial goals and means, and provide the right product (or selection of products) that will satisfy the goals of the customer in the best and most affordable way possible.
• Continuously update and inform customers of new products, or changes in existing products. Manage, review, and incorporate the implications of product changes on the customer’s portfolio accordingly.
• Validate client details in line with product and regulatory requirements. Submit new business through the right channels.
• Conduct due diligence on clients to identify and flag risks.
• Manage own capacity to ensure daily appointments are being prioritised while allowing time for and capitalising on walk-in / non-appointment clients.

In-branch Client Service and Client Retention:

• Responsible for servicing and managing all client profiles to ensure clients remain on the books.
• Send payment reminders, conduct follow-ups, and remain in contact to address potential queries or to provide support.
• Manage and report on NTUs (clients Not Taken Up) by putting controls in place, and taking corrective actions where required.
• Manage persistency of client payments in favour of both the branch and the client.
• Gain insight into client risk profiles to proactively identify where support will be required.
• Consult with clients on alternative payment arrangements and ensure it gets processed through and noted on the right platforms.
• Responsible for in-branch servicing in line with client experience standards:
• Apply product knowledge to accurately guide clients through policy cancellations and provide alternative options.
• Resolve various types of client queries in the branch as far as possible or escalate queries to the right stakeholders by using the existing escalation framework. Follow up on the status and continuously provide feedback to the client.

Quality, Compliance and Continuous Development:

• Remain up to date with and continuously adhere to compliance and quality standards.
• Keep up to date with own registration, product knowledge and maintenance of own CPD points.
• Identify risks and flag potentially fraudulent activities.
• Keep and store relevant records of advice.
• Log all activities as per regulations and standard operating procedures, and provide data to relevant stakeholders to inform reporting and decision making

Monthly Planning and Reporting:

• Responsible for reporting on activities daily, through using relevant technology platforms.
• Collate data on activities to deliver on weekly and monthly reporting deadlines.
• Perform any ad-hoc requirements as requested by the Retail Branch Manager

Qualification and Experience:

• 1-year experience in a sales or marketing capacity
• Experience within insurance branches an advantage
• Matric (Grade 12)
• RE5 advantageous
• FAIS Compliant (Wealth Management) as per DOFA requirements.
• Class of Business training (to be completed within 12-months of employment

go to method of application »

What will you do?

• To grow the customer base and revenue of Sanlam Retail Mass through developing and overseeing the execution of the retail branch strategy.
• Guiding, integrating and standardising the activities, goals and objectives of various Sales Consultants in the branch, in line with the strategy.
• Leading a service delivery culture and eco-system within and outside of the branch to enable an optimal client experience.
• Assuming responsibility for the successful day to day maintenance and management of the Retail branch.
• Being a key representative for the retail branch in the industry.

What will make you successful in this role?

Strategy Development and Business Planning:

• Work with Area Manager and translate the Provincial strategy into a retail branch strategy, specifying targets, objectives and metrics.
• Contribute insights to monthly, quarterly and annual business planning for retail branches in the Region / Province.
• Responsible for managing operational costs in line with the allocated budget.
• Develop incentive tactics for the Branch Consultants and drive performance

Retail Branch Sales Delivery
Activations:

• Develop and execute strategies (campaigns / promotions / events / etc.) to entice and draw clients from outside of the branch.
• Plan and represent the branch at various forums / events / community platforms to establish awareness and gain business.

Sales and Operational Effectiveness:

• Communicate the Retail Branch strategy, sales targets and metrics to Branch Consultants. Identify Key Result Areas and work with Branch Consultants to develop and agree collective targets.
• Monitor activities and the achievement of sales targets in the branch. Identify areas of improvement and work with Branch Consultants to address / rectify.
• Work with Business Owners of supporting functions (HR, Technology, etc.), and put the right mechanisms in place (systems, processes, technology) to ensure the branch is able to deliver a service and achieve targets.
• Identify and escalate areas of improvement regarding support systems, processes, and technologies. Where possible, solve problems or propose solutions to prevent issues from reoccurring.

Establish and drive a Service Culture:

• Align processes and procedures in the Bank to allow for a smooth, efficient and optimal client experience.
• Develop, drive and monitor client experience, and client service delivery standards in the branch.
• Manage the daily achievements of and adherence to service delivery SLAs. Identify areas of continuous improvement and take corrective action to address it.
• Ensure all client complaints and queries are handled effectively, within SLA timeframes. Where relevant, respond to escalations and continuously provide feedback to clients regarding outcomes / progress of resolutions.

Compliance, Quality and Risk Management:

• Ensure compliance and quality standards are effectively communicated and adopted across the branch.
• Ensure alignment to the Treating the Customer Fairly (TCF) framework in all business practices and ensure the branch operates within the FSCA regulations.

People Management:

• Work with Human Resources and Talent Acquisition to put the necessary capacity / capability in place to achieve sales targets in the branch.
• Work with HR to establish and maintain good people practices in the branch.
• Responsible for all operational people practices relating to direct reports, in collaboration with the Human Resource Function (talent management, performance management, individual development and growth, resolving grievances, leave allocation, capacity management, etc.).
• Manage and support the accreditation and continuous professional growth of staff functioning in the branch.

Monthly Planning and Reporting

• Responsible for monthly reporting of sales and service activities in the Branch. Analyse data to identify areas of improvement and plan for the next month.
• Conduct monthly and annual planning based on reports

Qualification:

• Matric (Grade 12)
• RE1 and RE5
• 120 Wealth Management credits OR tertiary qualification recognised by the FSCA
• Class of Business accreditation (annual)
• Compliant with continuous professional development (CPD) current and past cycles.

go to method of application »

What will you do?

To promote Sanlam Retail Mass (SRM)’s products and increase market share through:

• Providing sound financial advice and a high level of client service in a Branch context.
• Creating opportunities for client optimisation and cross selling of value-added products

What will make you successful in this role?

Sales Delivery:

• Gain and maintain an in-depth understanding of SRM product ranges.
• Gain an understanding of the customer’s needs, financial goals and means, and provide the right product (or selection of products) that will satisfy the goals of the customer in the best and most affordable way possible.
• Continuously update and inform customers of new products, or changes in existing products. Manage, review, and incorporate the implications of product changes on the customer’s portfolio accordingly.
• Validate client details in line with product and regulatory requirements. Submit new business through the right channels.
• Conduct due diligence on clients to identify and flag risks.
• Manage own capacity to ensure daily appointments are being prioritised while allowing time for and capitalising on walk-in / non-appointment clients.

In-branch Client Service and Client Retention:

• Responsible for servicing and managing all client profiles to ensure clients remain on the books.
• Send payment reminders, conduct follow-ups, and remain in contact to address potential queries or to provide support.
• Manage and report on NTUs (clients Not Taken Up) by putting controls in place, and taking corrective actions where required.
• Manage persistency of client payments in favour of both the branch and the client.
• Gain insight into client risk profiles to proactively identify where support will be required.
• Consult with clients on alternative payment arrangements and ensure it gets processed through and noted on the right platforms.
• Responsible for in-branch servicing in line with client experience standards:
• Apply product knowledge to accurately guide clients through policy cancellations and provide alternative options.
• Resolve various types of client queries in the branch as far as possible or escalate queries to the right stakeholders by using the existing escalation framework. Follow up on the status and continuously provide feedback to the client.

Quality, Compliance and Continuous Development:

• Remain up to date with and continuously adhere to compliance and quality standards.
• Keep up to date with own registration, product knowledge and maintenance of own CPD points.
• Identify risks and flag potentially fraudulent activities.
• Keep and store relevant records of advice.
• Log all activities as per regulations and standard operating procedures, and provide data to relevant stakeholders to inform reporting and decision making

Monthly Planning and Reporting:

• Responsible for reporting on activities daily, through using relevant technology platforms.
• Collate data on activities to deliver on weekly and monthly reporting deadlines.
• Perform any ad-hoc requirements as requested by the Retail Branch Manager

Qualification and Experience:

• 1-year experience in a sales or marketing capacity
• Experience within insurance branches an advantage
• Matric (Grade 12)
• RE5 advantageous
• FAIS Compliant (Wealth Management) as per DOFA requirements.
• Class of Business training (to be completed within 12-months of employment

go to method of application »

What will you do?

• The purpose of the role is to provide new and existing clients with professional and relevant financial advice, planning and products (sales) that are suited to their needs and requirements.
• Undertake the procurement of sustainable business of a high quality, in accordance with the business targets set.
• Maintain and service these clients as part of a long- term relationship which builds loyalty to the brand and generates ongoing advice and sales.
• Undertake these activities within a compliant and ethical manner which results in the building and sustaining the Sanlam Group business and brand.

What will make you successful in this role?

Assist in growing the Sanlam Adviser Business

• Be committed to the marketing plans and targets set for growing and developing the business as set forward by the distribution strategy.
• Apply knowledge and understanding of market segmentation and customer profiles to support sales and growth within the defined market.

Undertake relevant behaviours to attain targets relating to:

• Revenue generation (Single and recurring premiums)
• Activity quotas
• Promote the Sanlam brand
• Treating customers fairly to be applied to all client engagements
• Role is aligned to your personal career aspirations

Networking, prospecting and leads generation

• Face to face interactions, social or business, to create business opportunities.
• Prospecting of new clients through creative opportunities such as business/social networks, associations or ad hoc presentations.
• Turning trusted relationships into business relationships.
• Strengthening existing relationships by increasing the current service.
• Use existing sources to establish opportunities across Sanlam businesses.
• Personalised client value propositions.
• Marketing on social media.
• Undertake selected client focused activities to generate leads and informal prospecting opportunities.
• Mining of existing client base to identify marketing gaps and sales opportunities within the middle-high and affluent market.
• Structuring and implementing focused campaigns with new or existing clients in the defined market.
• Requesting active and ongoing leads and referrals from others.
• Monitoring and respond to client activities such as maturities, cancelations or surrenders within the defined market.

Client consultations and sales

• Ensure all client interactions are compliant in terms of disclosures and advice given (provide written/ electronic information required for compliance).
• Undertake comprehensive fact finding with each client to lift needs and priorities. Document these findings.
• Conduct a financial needs analysis, using the relevant e-tools / instruments or systems, to ascertain the clients full financial situation; or utilise the services of a Para-Planner for this. (Draw policy history).
• Provide sound personal financial planning advice.
• Apply financial knowledge in putting together a plan that meets the needs of the client for a balanced portfolio.
• Present financial solutions to the client in a professional and competent manner aligned to Treating Customers Fairly.
• Use relevant processes and system tools to capture analysis information and update records accordingly.
• Review client portfolio annually by undertaking the above steps.

Client Service

• Ensure all client interactions are ethical, courteous and professional.
• Follow-up or refer all existing business queries to be resolved timeously through support.
• Strive for excellent, value-added service to clients so that they do not seek competitor products or services.
• Undertake continuous learning in terms of knowledge, skills and market/industry issues so as to service clients within the defined market.
• Initiate long term client relationships and maintain a relational focus.

Monitor, update and reporting (weekly/monthly)

Document and present the following activities:

• Number and profile of contacts, appointments, consultations.
• Issued business and revenue against targets.
• Update client details on records.
• Appropriate workflow and activity monitor system entries.

Qualification and Experience

• Grade 12
• Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act (FAIS) "Fit and Proper" requirements and Regulatory Examination successfully completed if registered with Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) for more than 24 months.

Knowledge and Skills

• Financial advice and support
• Production target achievement and budgeting
• Compliance and risk management
• Client relationship management
• Financial planning and recommendations

Personal Attributes

• Communicates effectively - Contributing independently
• Tech savvy - Contributing independently
• Action orientated - Contributing independently
• Interpersonal savvy - Contributing independently
• Persuades - Contributing independently

go to method of application »

PURPOSE OF THE ROLE

To promote Sanlam Retail Mass (SRM)’s products and increase market share through:

• Providing sound financial advice and a high level of client service in a Branch context.
• Creating opportunities for client optimisation and cross selling of value-added services.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Sales delivery

• Gain and maintain an in-depth understanding of SRM product ranges.
• Gain an understanding of the customer’s needs, financial goals and means, and provide the right product (or selection of products) that will satisfy the goals of the customer in the best and most affordable way possible.
• Continuously update and inform customers of new products, or changes in existing products. Manage, review, and incorporate the implications of product changes on the customer’s portfolio accordingly.
• Validate client details in line with product and regulatory requirements. Submit new business through the right channels.
• Conduct due diligence on clients to identify and flag risks.
• Manage own capacity to ensure daily appointments are being prioritised while allowing time for and capitalising on walk-in / non-appointment clients.

In-branch client service and client retention

 Responsible for servicing and managing all client profiles to ensure clients remain on the books.

• Send payment reminders, conduct follow-ups, and remain in contact to address potential queries or to provide support.
• Manage and report on NTUs (clients Not Taken Up) by putting controls in place, and taking corrective actions where required.
• Manage persistency of client payments in favour of both the branch and the client.

Gain insight into client risk profiles to proactively identify where support will be required.

• Consult with clients on alternative payment arrangements and ensure it gets processed through and noted on the right platforms.

 Responsible for in-branch servicing in line with client experience standards:

• Apply product knowledge to accurately guide clients through policy cancellations and provide alternative options.
• Resolve various types of client queries in the branch as far as possible or escalate queries to the right stakeholders by using the existing escalation framework. Follow up on the status and continuously provide feedback to the client.

Quality, compliance and continuous development

• Remain up to date with and continuously adhere to compliance and quality standards.
• Keep up to date with own registration, product knowledge and maintenance of own CPD points.
• Identify risks and flag potentially fraudulent activities.
• Keep and store relevant records of advice.
• Log all activities as per regulations and standard operating procedures, and provide data to relevant stakeholders to inform reporting and decision making.

Monthly planning and reporting

• Responsible for reporting on activities daily, through using relevant technology platforms.
• Collate data on activities to deliver on weekly and monthly reporting deadlines.
• Perform any ad-hoc requirements as requested by the Retail Branch Manager.

Qualifications

• Matric (Grade 12)
• RE5 advantageous
• FAIS Compliant (Wealth Management) as per DOFA requirements.
• Class of Business training (to be completed within 12-months of employment)

go to method of application »

PURPOSE OF THE ROLE

To promote Sanlam Retail Mass (SRM)’s products and increase market share through:

• Providing sound financial advice and a high level of client service in a Branch context.
• Creating opportunities for client optimisation and cross selling of value-added services.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Sales delivery

• Gain and maintain an in-depth understanding of SRM product ranges.
• Gain an understanding of the customer’s needs, financial goals and means, and provide the right product (or selection of products) that will satisfy the goals of the customer in the best and most affordable way possible.
• Continuously update and inform customers of new products, or changes in existing products. Manage, review, and incorporate the implications of product changes on the customer’s portfolio accordingly.
• Validate client details in line with product and regulatory requirements. Submit new business through the right channels.
• Conduct due diligence on clients to identify and flag risks.
• Manage own capacity to ensure daily appointments are being prioritised while allowing time for and capitalising on walk-in / non-appointment clients.

In-branch client service and client retention

 Responsible for servicing and managing all client profiles to ensure clients remain on the books.

• Send payment reminders, conduct follow-ups, and remain in contact to address potential queries or to provide support.
• Manage and report on NTUs (clients Not Taken Up) by putting controls in place, and taking corrective actions where required.
• Manage persistency of client payments in favour of both the branch and the client.

Gain insight into client risk profiles to proactively identify where support will be required.

• Consult with clients on alternative payment arrangements and ensure it gets processed through and noted on the right platforms.

 Responsible for in-branch servicing in line with client experience standards:

• Apply product knowledge to accurately guide clients through policy cancellations and provide alternative options.
• Resolve various types of client queries in the branch as far as possible or escalate queries to the right stakeholders by using the existing escalation framework. Follow up on the status and continuously provide feedback to the client.

Quality, compliance and continuous development

• Remain up to date with and continuously adhere to compliance and quality standards.
• Keep up to date with own registration, product knowledge and maintenance of own CPD points.
• Identify risks and flag potentially fraudulent activities.
• Keep and store relevant records of advice.
• Log all activities as per regulations and standard operating procedures, and provide data to relevant stakeholders to inform reporting and decision making.

Monthly planning and reporting

• Responsible for reporting on activities daily, through using relevant technology platforms.
• Collate data on activities to deliver on weekly and monthly reporting deadlines.
• Perform any ad-hoc requirements as requested by the Retail Branch Manager.

Qualifications

• Matric (Grade 12)
• RE5 advantageous
• FAIS Compliant (Wealth Management) as per DOFA requirements.
• Class of Business training (to be completed within 12-months of employment)